For several years, seasonal influenza has remained a major public health issue in Cameroon. The A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype, responsible for numerous infections since 2019, continues to circulate actively and remains one of the dominant strains worldwide.

In this context, the Virology Service of the Pasteur Center conducted an in-depth study aimed at better understanding the genetic evolution of these viruses between 2019 and 2024, relying on next-generation sequencing technologies.

Researchers analyzed the complete genome of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses using nanopore sequencing, an innovative technology that allows for rapid acquisition of detailed genetic data.
This approach provides a precise view of the virus’s genetic changes over time and their potential impact on its virulence and transmissibility.

The results show that all the strains analyzed belong to the same viral lineage, but they exhibit significant genetic variations from one year to the next. Several mutations were identified in different viral genes, some of which are associated with increased virulence.

Notably, analyses reveal a growing gap between locally circulating viruses and the vaccine strains used in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that viruses present in Cameroon may evolve differently from those considered in vaccine formulation.
These observations highlight the importance of having local genomic data to better anticipate virus evolution and contribute to the selection of more suitable vaccine strains. Continuous genomic surveillance thus represents a strategic tool to strengthen the effectiveness of vaccination programs and improve the response to seasonal epidemics.

Through this study, the Virology Department of the Pasteur Center reaffirms its commitment to scientific research, technological innovation, and the strengthening of local public health capacities.
This work contributes not only to a better understanding of influenza in Cameroon but also to the global effort to combat infectious diseases.

Read the full article: Whole-genome analysis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Cameroon (2019–2024) using nanopore sequencing | BMC Infectious Diseases